Landmark Legislation: Practice Questions

D. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: Congress authorized force after reported attacks in the Gulf of Tonkin.

D. Authorized the president to use military force in Southeast Asia without a declaration of war.: The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) authorized the president to use military force in Southeast Asia without a declaration of war.

C. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) authorized the president to use military force in Southeast Asia without a declaration of war.

B. greatly expanded U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.: Congress repealed the resolution in 1971.

C. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) authorized the president to use military force in Southeast Asia without a declaration of war.

B. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. The others were signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

D. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States: The Court ruled that motels serving interstate travelers affect commerce.

D. Lyndon B. Johnson: Johnson pushed both through Congress.

D. Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed segregation in public accommodations and banned employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

A. bans employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.: Title VII created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

B. places of public accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, and theaters.: Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States upheld Title II.

D. The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (1964) outlawed segregation in public accommodations and banned employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

C. Banned literacy tests and authorized federal oversight of voter registration in places with a history of discrimination.: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 banned literacy tests and authorized federal oversight of voter registration in places with a history of discrimination.

B. Voting Rights Act of 1965: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 banned literacy tests and authorized federal oversight of voter registration in places with a history of discrimination.

A. get federal approval (preclearance) before changing voting rules.: Shelby County v. Holder (2013) struck down the formula used to decide which jurisdictions were covered.

B. The violent attack on marchers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama: "Bloody Sunday" shocked the nation.

C. The Voting Rights Act of 1965: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (1965) banned literacy tests and required certain jurisdictions to get federal approval before changing voting rules.

A. The Voting Rights Act of 1965: banned literacy tests and required certain jurisdictions to get federal approval before changing voting rules: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (1965) banned literacy tests and required certain jurisdictions to get federal approval before changing voting rules. The other pairs mix up the laws and their effects.

B. Endangered Species Act: The Endangered Species Act (1973) protected threatened and endangered plants and animals and their habitats.

C. Protected threatened and endangered plants and animals and their habitats.: The Endangered Species Act (1973) protected threatened and endangered plants and animals and their habitats.

C. threatened and endangered species and their habitats.: The Florida panther and the manatee are among the species it has protected.

A. The Endangered Species Act: The Endangered Species Act (1973) protected threatened and endangered plants and animals and their habitats.

D. Richard Nixon: Richard Nixon signed the Endangered Species Act in 1973. It protected threatened and endangered plants and animals and their habitats.

D. The Endangered Species Act: The Missouri Compromise: 1820; The Morrill Act: 1862; The Civil Rights Act of 1964: 1964; The Endangered Species Act: 1973.

A. The Endangered Species Act: protected threatened and endangered plants and animals and their habitats: The Endangered Species Act (1973) protected threatened and endangered plants and animals and their habitats. The other pairs mix up the laws and their effects.

C. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) expanded health insurance coverage, created insurance marketplaces, and barred denial of coverage for pre-existing conditions.

A. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius: The Court upheld the mandate as a tax in 2012.

B. Young adults may stay on a parent's health plan until age 26.: The ACA also barred insurers from denying coverage for preexisting conditions.

D. The Affordable Care Act: The Affordable Care Act (2010) expanded health coverage, created insurance marketplaces, and barred denial of coverage for preexisting conditions.

A. Barack Obama: Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act in 2010. It expanded health coverage, created insurance marketplaces, and barred denial of coverage for preexisting conditions.

D. The Affordable Care Act: The Indian Removal Act: 1830; The Espionage Act: 1917; The Social Security Act: 1935; The Affordable Care Act: 2010.

C. Fair Labor Standards Act: The Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) set a federal minimum wage, a standard 40-hour work week, and limits on child labor.

B. established a federal minimum wage, maximum hours, and limits on child labor.: The first minimum wage was 25 cents per hour.

A. The Fair Labor Standards Act: The Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) set the first federal minimum wage and a standard 40-hour workweek and limited child labor.

D. Title IX of the Education Amendments: The Title IX of the Education Amendments (1972) banned sex discrimination in education programs that receive federal funding.

D. sex discrimination in education programs receiving federal funds.: Title IX greatly expanded girls' and women's athletic opportunities.

D. Interstate Commerce Act: The Interstate Commerce Act (1887) regulated railroad rates and created the first federal regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission.

B. Interstate Commerce Act: It regulated railroads.

D. The Interstate Commerce Commission: The ICC regulated railroad rates.

D. The Interstate Commerce Act: The Interstate Commerce Act (1887) created the first federal regulatory agency to oversee railroad rates.

A. Grover Cleveland: Grover Cleveland signed the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887. It created the first federal regulatory agency to oversee railroad rates.

A. Guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain collectively.: The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) (1935) guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain collectively.

C. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act): The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) (1935) guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain collectively.

B. workers' right to form unions and bargain collectively.: It created the National Labor Relations Board.

D. The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act): The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) (1935) guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain collectively.

C. Franklin D. Roosevelt: Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) in 1935. It guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain collectively.

C. War Powers Resolution: The War Powers Resolution (1973) required the president to notify Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into combat and to withdraw them within 60 days without congressional approval.

A. Required the president to notify Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into combat and to withdraw them within 60 days without congressional approval.: The War Powers Resolution (1973) required the president to notify Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into combat and to withdraw them within 60 days without congressional approval.

B. War Powers Resolution: Congress passed it over Nixon's veto in 1973.

C. overrode President Nixon's veto.: It requires the president to report to Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops.

B. The War Powers Resolution: Congress passed the War Powers Resolution (1973) over Richard Nixon's veto with a two-thirds vote in each house.

D. Gave federal land to states to fund colleges teaching agriculture and mechanical arts.: The Morrill Land-Grant Act (1862) gave federal land to states to fund colleges teaching agriculture and mechanical arts.

A. Morrill Land-Grant Act: The Morrill Land-Grant Act (1862) gave federal land to states to fund colleges teaching agriculture and mechanical arts.

A. colleges teaching agriculture and the mechanic arts.: The University of Florida traces its land-grant status to the Morrill Act.

B. The Morrill Act: The Morrill Act (1862) gave states federal land to fund colleges teaching agriculture and the mechanic arts.

B. Abraham Lincoln: Abraham Lincoln signed the Morrill Act in 1862. It gave states federal land to fund colleges teaching agriculture and the mechanic arts.

B. The Morrill Act: The Morrill Act: 1862; The GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act): 1944; The Elementary and Secondary Education Act: 1965; The USA PATRIOT Act: 2001.

B. USA PATRIOT Act: The USA PATRIOT Act (2001) expanded government surveillance and investigative powers to combat terrorism after the September 11 attacks.

B. Expanded government surveillance and investigative powers to combat terrorism after the September 11 attacks.: The USA PATRIOT Act (2001) expanded government surveillance and investigative powers to combat terrorism after the September 11 attacks.

C. the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.: It expanded government surveillance powers.

C. The USA PATRIOT Act: The USA PATRIOT Act (2001) expanded the government's surveillance and investigative powers after the September 11 attacks.

D. George W. Bush: George W. Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Act in 2001. It expanded the government's surveillance and investigative powers after the September 11 attacks.

C. Clean Air Act: The Clean Air Act (1970) authorized federal standards to limit air pollution from factories and vehicles.

C. Authorized federal standards to limit air pollution from factories and vehicles.: The Clean Air Act (1970) authorized federal standards to limit air pollution from factories and vehicles.

B. national air quality standards enforced by the EPA.: It has reduced air pollution significantly.

A. The Clean Air Act of 1970: The Clean Air Act of 1970 (1970) set national air-quality standards enforced by the federal government.

B. Made it a crime to publish false, scandalous, or malicious writings against the federal government and lengthened the residency requirement for citizenship.: The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) made it a crime to publish false, scandalous, or malicious writings against the federal government and lengthened the residency requirement for citizenship.

A. Alien and Sedition Acts: The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) made it a crime to publish false, scandalous, or malicious writings against the federal government and lengthened the residency requirement for citizenship.

B. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Madison and Jefferson secretly wrote them in 1798.

D. publish false, scandalous, and malicious writings against the government.: Critics argued it violated the First Amendment. It expired in 1801.

D. The Alien and Sedition Acts: The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) made it easier to deport noncitizens and made it a crime to publish false or malicious criticism of the government.

C. John Adams: John Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798. It made it easier to deport noncitizens and made it a crime to publish false or malicious criticism of the government.

B. The Alien and Sedition Acts: The Alien and Sedition Acts: 1798; The Espionage Act: 1917; The Indian Citizenship Act: 1924; The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: 1964.

C. Compromise of 1850: The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, created a stricter Fugitive Slave Act, and let Utah and New Mexico decide slavery by popular sovereignty.

C. the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act: Both addressed slavery in new territories.

A. California admitted as a free state and a stronger Fugitive Slave Act: It also ended the slave trade (but not slavery) in Washington, D.C.

D. The Compromise of 1850: The Compromise of 1850 (1850) admitted California as a free state, let Utah and New Mexico decide slavery by popular sovereignty, and strengthened the fugitive slave law.

B. The Compromise of 1850: The Compromise of 1850: 1850; The Civil Rights Act of 1875: 1875; The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act: 1883; The Clean Air Act of 1970: 1970.

D. Abolished the national-origins quota system in immigration.: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the national-origins quota system in immigration.

D. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the national-origins quota system in immigration.

B. ended the national-origins quota system.: Immigration increased from Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

B. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (1965) ended the national-origins quota system for immigration.

B. Lyndon B. Johnson: Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 in 1965. It ended the national-origins quota system for immigration.

D. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. The others were signed by Richard Nixon.

A. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965: ended the national-origins quota system for immigration: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (1965) ended the national-origins quota system for immigration. The other pairs mix up the laws and their effects.

C. Pendleton Civil Service Act: The Pendleton Act reduced the spoils system.

D. Pendleton Civil Service Act: The Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883) required that many federal jobs be filled on the basis of merit through competitive examinations rather than political patronage.

C. Required that many federal jobs be filled on the basis of merit through competitive examinations rather than political patronage.: The Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883) required that many federal jobs be filled on the basis of merit through competitive examinations rather than political patronage.

C. The assassination of President James Garfield by a disappointed office seeker: The act required many federal jobs to be filled by merit through competitive exams.

C. The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act: The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (1883) required many federal jobs to be filled on the basis of merit through competitive exams.

D. Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill): The Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) (1944) provided returning World War II veterans with money for college, job training, and low-interest home loans.

B. money for college, low-cost home loans, and unemployment benefits.: It helped expand the middle class.

B. The GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act): The GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act) (1944) paid for college and offered low-cost home loans to World War II veterans.

D. Franklin D. Roosevelt: Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act) in 1944. It paid for college and offered low-cost home loans to World War II veterans.

B. The GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act): The GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act) was signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. The others were signed by Lyndon B. Johnson.

B. Chinese Exclusion Act: The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) banned the immigration of Chinese laborers, the first major federal law restricting immigration by nationality.

A. 1943, during World War II.: Repeal came when China was a U.S. ally. It was the first law to bar immigration based on nationality.

C. The Chinese Exclusion Act: The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) suspended immigration of Chinese laborers, the first federal law to bar immigrants based on nationality.

A. Chester A. Arthur: Chester A. Arthur signed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. It suspended immigration of Chinese laborers, the first federal law to bar immigrants based on nationality.

B. The Chinese Exclusion Act: The Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882; The GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act): 1944; The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: 1964; The Affordable Care Act: 2010.

B. The Chinese Exclusion Act: The Chinese Exclusion Act was signed by Chester A. Arthur in 1882. The others were signed by Lyndon B. Johnson.

B. Banned discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.: The Fair Housing Act (Civil Rights Act of 1968) (1968) banned discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

B. Fair Housing Act (Civil Rights Act of 1968): The Fair Housing Act (Civil Rights Act of 1968) (1968) banned discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

A. the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.: It banned discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

C. The Fair Housing Act: The Fair Housing Act (1968) banned discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

A. the New Deal: Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal (1933–1939) aimed at relief for the unemployed, recovery of the economy, and reform of the financial system.

C. Franklin D. Roosevelt: FDR's New Deal responded to the Great Depression.

A. Espionage Act: The Espionage Act (1917) made it a crime to interfere with military operations or recruitment during wartime.

B. Schenck v. United States: Schenck had distributed anti-draft leaflets.

A. The Espionage Act: The Espionage Act (1917) made it a crime to interfere with military recruitment or operations during World War I.

D. The Espionage Act: The Alien and Sedition Acts: 1798; The Morrill Act: 1862; The Sherman Antitrust Act: 1890; The Espionage Act: 1917.

A. The Espionage Act: made it a crime to interfere with military recruitment or operations during World War I: The Espionage Act (1917) made it a crime to interfere with military recruitment or operations during World War I. The other pairs mix up the laws and their effects.

A. Occupational Safety and Health Act: The Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970) set federal workplace safety standards and created OSHA to enforce them.

C. Occupational Safety and Health Act: OSHA sets federal workplace safety standards.

C. Set federal workplace safety standards and created OSHA to enforce them.: The Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970) set federal workplace safety standards and created OSHA to enforce them.

A. Richard Nixon.: It created OSHA to enforce workplace safety standards.

C. The Occupational Safety and Health Act: The Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970) created a federal agency to set and enforce workplace safety standards.

D. Richard Nixon: Richard Nixon signed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. It created a federal agency to set and enforce workplace safety standards.

C. Economic Opportunity Act: The Economic Opportunity Act (1964) launched the War on Poverty with programs such as the Job Corps and VISTA.

A. The Economic Opportunity Act: The Economic Opportunity Act (1964) created antipoverty programs such as Job Corps and VISTA as part of the War on Poverty.

B. Lyndon B. Johnson: Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Economic Opportunity Act in 1964. It created antipoverty programs such as Job Corps and VISTA as part of the War on Poverty.

D. Created the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and a civil rights division in the Justice Department, the first civil rights law since Reconstruction.: The Civil Rights Act of 1957 created the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and a civil rights division in the Justice Department, the first civil rights law since Reconstruction.

B. Civil Rights Act of 1957: The Civil Rights Act of 1957 created the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and a civil rights division in the Justice Department, the first civil rights law since Reconstruction.

A. the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.: It was the first civil rights law passed since Reconstruction.

B. The Civil Rights Act of 1957: The Civil Rights Act of 1957 (1957) created a Civil Rights Division in the Justice Department and a Commission on Civil Rights.

C. resignation of the president of the United States: Nixon resigned in August 1974.

C. 60: Three-fifths of the Senate (60 votes) is needed for cloture on most bills.

A. Two-thirds: Article I, Section 7.

B. a conference committee.: Both chambers must then approve the identical final version.

B. Americans with Disabilities Act: The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public services, and public accommodations.

D. George H. W. Bush.: It bans discrimination against people with disabilities in jobs, public services, and accommodations.

A. The Americans with Disabilities Act: The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) banned discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public services, and public accommodations.

D. The Americans with Disabilities Act: The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed by George H. W. Bush in 1990. The others were signed by Richard Nixon.

A. The Americans with Disabilities Act: banned discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public services, and public accommodations: The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) banned discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public services, and public accommodations. The other pairs mix up the laws and their effects.

C. Authorized the president to negotiate the removal of American Indian nations to lands west of the Mississippi River.: The Indian Removal Act (1830) authorized the president to negotiate the removal of American Indian nations to lands west of the Mississippi River.

D. Indian Removal Act: The Indian Removal Act (1830) authorized the president to negotiate the removal of American Indian nations to lands west of the Mississippi River.

A. Andrew Jackson.: It led to the forced removal of Native nations, including the Cherokee Trail of Tears.

B. The Indian Removal Act: The Indian Removal Act (1830) authorized the president to negotiate the removal of Native nations to lands west of the Mississippi River.

B. Andrew Jackson: Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830. It authorized the president to negotiate the removal of Native nations to lands west of the Mississippi River.

D. Social Security Act: The Social Security Act (1935) created a system of old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children.

B. Created a system of old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children.: The Social Security Act (1935) created a system of old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children.

B. old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children.: It was a cornerstone of the New Deal.

B. The Social Security Act: The Social Security Act (1935) created old-age pensions and unemployment insurance.

A. Homestead Act: The Homestead Act (1862) offered 160 acres of public land to settlers who lived on and farmed it for five years.

A. lived on and improved it for five years.: The act encouraged western settlement, often on land taken from Native nations.

B. The Homestead Act: The Homestead Act (1862) offered 160 acres of public land to settlers who lived on and improved it for five years.

B. The Homestead Act: The Homestead Act: 1862; The Civil Rights Act of 1957: 1957; The Americans with Disabilities Act: 1990; The USA PATRIOT Act: 2001.

A. The Homestead Act: offered 160 acres of public land to settlers who lived on and improved it for five years: The Homestead Act (1862) offered 160 acres of public land to settlers who lived on and improved it for five years. The other pairs mix up the laws and their effects.

A. Kansas-Nebraska Act: The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) allowed settlers in Kansas and Nebraska to decide the slavery question by popular sovereignty, repealing the Missouri Compromise line.

D. Kansas-Nebraska Act: Popular sovereignty led to violent conflict over slavery in Kansas.

B. Stephen A. Douglas: The act's popular sovereignty provision led to violence known as "Bleeding Kansas."

B. The Missouri Compromise's 36°30′ line: Settlers in Kansas and Nebraska would decide the slavery question by popular sovereignty.

B. The Kansas-Nebraska Act: The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) let settlers in two new territories decide the slavery question by popular sovereignty, undoing the 36°30′ line.

A. Franklin Pierce: Franklin Pierce signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854. It let settlers in two new territories decide the slavery question by popular sovereignty, undoing the 36°30′ line.

B. Indian Citizenship Act: The Indian Citizenship Act (1924) granted U.S. citizenship to all American Indians born in the United States.

B. granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States.: Some states still kept Native Americans from voting for decades.

B. The Indian Citizenship Act: The Indian Citizenship Act (1924) granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States.

C. Calvin Coolidge: Calvin Coolidge signed the Indian Citizenship Act in 1924. It granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States.

B. Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and banned slavery north of the 36°30' line in the Louisiana Territory.: The Missouri Compromise (1820) admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and banned slavery north of the 36°30' line in the Louisiana Territory.

B. Missouri Compromise: The Missouri Compromise (1820) admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and banned slavery north of the 36°30' line in the Louisiana Territory.

D. the 36°30′ parallel, except in Missouri.: Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

B. The Missouri Compromise: The Missouri Compromise (1820) admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and banned slavery north of 36°30′ in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase.

B. The Missouri Compromise: The Missouri Compromise: 1820; The Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882; The Sherman Antitrust Act: 1890; The Elementary and Secondary Education Act: 1965.

B. Sherman Antitrust Act: The Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) outlawed monopolies and business combinations that restrained interstate trade.

C. contracts, combinations, and conspiracies in restraint of trade, and monopolization.: It was the first major federal antitrust law.

C. The Sherman Antitrust Act: The Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) outlawed monopolies and combinations in restraint of trade.

A. The Sherman Antitrust Act: outlawed monopolies and combinations in restraint of trade: The Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) outlawed monopolies and combinations in restraint of trade. The other pairs mix up the laws and their effects.

A. Lyndon B. Johnson: LBJ's Great Society targeted poverty and racial injustice.

D. Pure Food and Drug Act: The Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) prohibited the sale of mislabeled or contaminated food and medicine.

B. Civil Rights Act of 1875: The Civil Rights Act of 1875 banned racial discrimination in public accommodations such as inns and theaters, but was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1883.

D. The Supreme Court struck down its public accommodations provisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883).: The Court ruled Congress could not regulate private discrimination under the Fourteenth Amendment.

D. The Civil Rights Act of 1875: The Civil Rights Act of 1875 (1875) banned racial discrimination in inns, public transportation, and theaters, until the Supreme Court struck those provisions down in 1883.

C. Created a central banking system to regulate the money supply.: The Federal Reserve Act (1913) created a central banking system to regulate the money supply.

A. Federal Reserve Act: The Federal Reserve Act (1913) created a central banking system to regulate the money supply.

D. a central banking system to manage the money supply and stabilize the economy.: President Woodrow Wilson signed it.

D. The Federal Reserve Act: The Federal Reserve Act (1913) created a central banking system to manage the nation's money supply.

A. Woodrow Wilson: Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act in 1913. It created a central banking system to manage the nation's money supply.

A. Elementary and Secondary Education Act: The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) provided federal funding to public schools serving low-income students.

B. provides federal funds to schools serving many low-income students.: ESEA was part of LBJ's War on Poverty.

A. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act: The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) sent federal money to schools serving low-income students.

C. Lyndon B. Johnson: Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in 1965. It sent federal money to schools serving low-income students.

B. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act: The Elementary and Secondary Education Act: 1965; The Occupational Safety and Health Act: 1970; The Americans with Disabilities Act: 1990; The Affordable Care Act: 2010.

C. Civil Rights Act of 1866: The Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens and guaranteed equal rights to make contracts and own property.

C. overrode President Andrew Johnson's veto.: It declared that people born in the United States were citizens.

A. The Civil Rights Act of 1866: Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 (1866) over Andrew Johnson's veto with a two-thirds vote in each house.

B. Social Security Amendments of 1965: The Social Security Amendments of 1965 created Medicare for older Americans and Medicaid for low-income Americans.

B. people 65 and older.: Medicaid helps low-income people. Both were created in 1965.

D. The Medicare and Medicaid amendments to the Social Security Act: The Medicare and Medicaid amendments to the Social Security Act (1965) created health insurance for Americans 65 and older and for many low-income people.

A. It required Northern citizens to help capture escaped enslaved people and denied accused people a jury trial.: It turned many Northerners against slavery.

B. prepare environmental impact statements for major actions.: NEPA requires agencies to consider environmental effects before acting.

B. The National Environmental Policy Act: The National Environmental Policy Act (1970) required federal agencies to study the environmental impact of major projects.

D. Richard Nixon: Richard Nixon signed the National Environmental Policy Act in 1970. It required federal agencies to study the environmental impact of major projects.

A. The National Environmental Policy Act: required federal agencies to study the environmental impact of major projects: The National Environmental Policy Act (1970) required federal agencies to study the environmental impact of major projects. The other pairs mix up the laws and their effects.

D. authorized force against those responsible for the September 11 attacks.: Presidents have relied on it for years of military operations.

A. The Authorization for Use of Military Force: The Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001) authorized force against those responsible for the September 11 attacks.

D. The Authorization for Use of Military Force: The Social Security Act: 1935; The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: 1964; Title IX of the Education Amendments: 1972; The Authorization for Use of Military Force: 2001.

B. The Clean Water Act of 1972: Congress passed the Clean Water Act of 1972 (1972) over Richard Nixon's veto with a two-thirds vote in each house.