FCLEPractice

Topic 15 · Competency 4: Landmark Cases, Legislation & Executive Actions

Landmark Supreme Court Cases: Practice Questions

213 practice questions on how the Supreme Court decides cases, and all 26 landmark cases on the FCLE: facts, question, holding, and significance. Answers are hidden until you click "Show answer."

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Original practice questions written to the FCLE competencies, not actual exam items.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) (12)

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  1. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court opinion, to answer the question that follows.

    "lawyers in criminal courts are necessities, not luxuries."

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Texas v. Johnson
    2. Marbury v. Madison
    3. Gideon v. Wainwright
    4. Tinker v. Des Moines
    Show answer

    C. Gideon v. Wainwright: This passage is from Gideon v. Wainwright (1963).

  2. Which two cases involved the rights of people accused of crimes?

    1. Baker v. Carr and Shaw v. Reno
    2. Heller and McDonald
    3. Tinker v. Des Moines and Texas v. Johnson
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona
    Show answer

    D. Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona: Both expanded the rights of the accused.

  3. In Gideon v. Wainwright, Clarence Earl Gideon was charged with which crime?

    1. murder
    2. breaking and entering a pool hall
    3. treason
    4. tax evasion
    Show answer

    B. breaking and entering a pool hall: Gideon was charged with a felony break-in in Panama City, Florida.

  4. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A man charged with a felony in state court cannot afford a lawyer, asks for one, is refused, and must defend himself.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    2. New York Times Co. v. United States
    3. Roe v. Wade
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright
    Show answer

    D. Gideon v. Wainwright: Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) held that states must provide an attorney to defendants charged with felonies who cannot afford one.

  5. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It led to the expansion of public defender systems across the states.
    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    2. Tinker v. Des Moines
    3. New York Times Co. v. United States
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright
    Show answer

    D. Gideon v. Wainwright: Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): It led to the expansion of public defender systems across the states.

  6. Which U.S. Supreme Court case held that states must provide an attorney to defendants charged with felonies who cannot afford one?

    1. Gideon v. Wainwright
    2. Engel v. Vitale
    3. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    4. District of Columbia v. Heller
    Show answer

    A. Gideon v. Wainwright: In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Court held that states must provide an attorney to defendants charged with felonies who cannot afford one.

  7. Which Florida case established the right of poor felony defendants to a state-appointed lawyer?

    1. Miranda v. Arizona
    2. Gideon v. Wainwright
    3. Bush v. Gore
    4. Mapp v. Ohio
    Show answer

    B. Gideon v. Wainwright: Gideon arose from Florida; Wainwright was Florida's corrections director.

  8. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?

    1. The Court established the power of judicial review, allowing federal courts to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
    2. The Court ruled that state-mandated racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause.
    3. The Court upheld state laws requiring racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.
    4. The Court held that states must provide an attorney to defendants charged with felonies who cannot afford one.
    Show answer

    D. The Court held that states must provide an attorney to defendants charged with felonies who cannot afford one.: In Gideon v. Wainwright, the Court held that states must provide an attorney to defendants charged with felonies who cannot afford one.

  9. Clarence Earl Gideon was charged with breaking into a pool hall in which state?

    1. Georgia
    2. Texas
    3. Ohio
    4. Florida
    Show answer

    D. Florida: Gideon was denied a lawyer, wrote a handwritten petition to the Supreme Court, and won. On retrial with counsel, he was acquitted.

  10. What happened to Clarence Earl Gideon after the Supreme Court ruled in his favor?

    1. He was retried with a lawyer and found not guilty.
    2. He was released without a new trial and sued Florida.
    3. He was convicted again and sentenced to life.
    4. He became a Supreme Court justice.
    Show answer

    A. He was retried with a lawyer and found not guilty.: His attorney showed weaknesses in the prosecution's witness.

  11. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Rights of the accused"?

    1. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
    2. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
    3. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
    4. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
    Show answer

    B. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) is a key case on rights of the accused.

  12. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided first?

    1. Gideon v. Wainwright
    2. New York Times Co. v. United States
    3. District of Columbia v. Heller
    4. Obergefell v. Hodges
    Show answer

    A. Gideon v. Wainwright: Gideon v. Wainwright: 1963; New York Times Co. v. United States: 1971; District of Columbia v. Heller: 2008; Obergefell v. Hodges: 2015.

Marbury v. Madison (1803) (9)

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  1. Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the power of judicial review, allowing federal courts to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional?

    1. United States v. Lopez
    2. McDonald v. Chicago
    3. Marbury v. Madison
    4. Schenck v. United States
    Show answer

    C. Marbury v. Madison: In Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Court established the power of judicial review, allowing federal courts to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.

  2. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It made the judiciary a co-equal branch able to check Congress and the president.
    1. Roe v. Wade
    2. New York Times Co. v. United States
    3. Marbury v. Madison
    4. Shaw v. Reno
    Show answer

    C. Marbury v. Madison: Marbury v. Madison (1803): It made the judiciary a co-equal branch able to check Congress and the president.

  3. Which Chief Justice wrote the opinions in Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland?

    1. Roger Taney
    2. Earl Warren
    3. John Marshall
    4. William Rehnquist
    Show answer

    C. John Marshall: Marshall led the Court from 1801 to 1835.

  4. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court opinion, to answer the question that follows.

    "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is."

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Tinker v. Des Moines
    2. Bush v. Gore
    3. Schenck v. United States
    4. Marbury v. Madison
    Show answer

    D. Marbury v. Madison: This passage is from Marbury v. Madison (1803).

  5. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A federal court is asked to decide whether a law passed by Congress conflicts with the Constitution and therefore cannot be enforced.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Marbury v. Madison
    2. Wisconsin v. Yoder
    3. United States v. Lopez
    4. Shaw v. Reno
    Show answer

    A. Marbury v. Madison: Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the power of judicial review, allowing federal courts to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.

  6. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

    1. The Court established the power of judicial review, allowing federal courts to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
    2. The Court allowed newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers, rejecting the government's request for prior restraint.
    3. The Court stopped the Florida presidential election recount because the varying recount standards violated the Equal Protection Clause.
    4. The Court required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning.
    Show answer

    A. The Court established the power of judicial review, allowing federal courts to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.: In Marbury v. Madison, the Court established the power of judicial review, allowing federal courts to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.

  7. William Marbury asked the Supreme Court for a writ ordering Secretary of State James Madison to deliver his commission. Why did the Court refuse?

    1. Marbury had no right to the commission.
    2. The president had pardoned Madison.
    3. The part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 giving the Court this power conflicted with the Constitution.
    4. The Court did not exist yet.
    Show answer

    C. The part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 giving the Court this power conflicted with the Constitution.: Chief Justice Marshall held that Marbury was entitled to the commission, but the Court could not issue the writ under an unconstitutional law. That holding established judicial review.

  8. "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is." Which case contains this famous statement?
    1. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
    2. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
    3. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
    4. United States v. Nixon (1974)
    Show answer

    C. Marbury v. Madison (1803): Chief Justice John Marshall wrote this line in establishing judicial review.

  9. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Judicial power"?

    1. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    2. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
    3. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
    4. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
    Show answer

    D. Marbury v. Madison (1803): Marbury v. Madison (1803) is a key case on judicial power.

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) (7)

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  1. Which two cases dealt with the Second Amendment?

    1. Bush v. Gore and Citizens United v. FEC
    2. District of Columbia v. Heller and McDonald v. Chicago
    3. Schenck v. United States and Texas v. Johnson
    4. United States v. Lopez and McCulloch v. Maryland
    Show answer

    B. District of Columbia v. Heller and McDonald v. Chicago: Heller recognized the individual right; McDonald incorporated it.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case held that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to keep a handgun in the home for self-defense?

    1. District of Columbia v. Heller
    2. Brown v. Board of Education
    3. Baker v. Carr
    4. Wisconsin v. Yoder
    Show answer

    A. District of Columbia v. Heller: In District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), the Court held that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to keep a handgun in the home for self-defense.

  3. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It recognized the right to bear arms as an individual right, not only a right tied to militia service.
    1. Miranda v. Arizona
    2. Korematsu v. United States
    3. District of Columbia v. Heller
    4. Roe v. Wade
    Show answer

    C. District of Columbia v. Heller: District of Columbia v. Heller (2008): It recognized the right to bear arms as an individual right, not only a right tied to militia service.

  4. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A resident of the nation's capital challenges a District of Columbia law that bans handgun possession in the home.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. McCulloch v. Maryland
    2. United States v. Nixon
    3. District of Columbia v. Heller
    4. McDonald v. Chicago
    Show answer

    C. District of Columbia v. Heller: District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) held that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to keep a handgun in the home for self-defense.

  5. Which justice wrote the majority opinion in District of Columbia v. Heller?

    1. John Paul Stevens
    2. Ruth Bader Ginsburg
    3. Antonin Scalia
    4. Earl Warren
    Show answer

    C. Antonin Scalia: Scalia's opinion relied on the original public meaning of the Second Amendment.

  6. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Right to bear arms"?

    1. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
    2. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
    3. Roe v. Wade (1973)
    4. District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)
    Show answer

    D. District of Columbia v. Heller (2008): District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) is a key case on right to bear arms.

  7. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided most recently?

    1. District of Columbia v. Heller
    2. Marbury v. Madison
    3. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
    4. United States v. Nixon
    Show answer

    A. District of Columbia v. Heller: Marbury v. Madison: 1803; Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District: 1969; United States v. Nixon: 1974; District of Columbia v. Heller: 2008.

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) (12)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A Black student is required by state law to attend a distant segregated school instead of the nearby school for white students.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Marbury v. Madison
    2. McDonald v. Chicago
    3. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    4. Brown v. Board of Education
    Show answer

    D. Brown v. Board of Education: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ruled that state-mandated racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause.

  2. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court opinion, to answer the question that follows.

    "in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Tinker v. Des Moines
    2. Brown v. Board of Education
    3. Bush v. Gore
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    Show answer

    B. Brown v. Board of Education: This passage is from Brown v. Board of Education (1954).

  3. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It overturned the 'separate but equal' doctrine in public education and energized the civil rights movement.
    1. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    2. Wisconsin v. Yoder
    3. Brown v. Board of Education
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright
    Show answer

    C. Brown v. Board of Education: Brown v. Board of Education (1954): It overturned the 'separate but equal' doctrine in public education and energized the civil rights movement.

  4. Which Chief Justice led the Court when it decided Brown v. Board of Education and Miranda v. Arizona?

    1. Earl Warren
    2. John Roberts
    3. Roger Taney
    4. John Marshall
    Show answer

    A. Earl Warren: The Warren Court greatly expanded civil rights and liberties.

  5. Which case overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in the area of public education?

    1. Brown v. Board of Education
    2. Mapp v. Ohio
    3. Engel v. Vitale
    4. Baker v. Carr
    Show answer

    A. Brown v. Board of Education: Brown held segregated schools inherently unequal.

  6. Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that state-mandated racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause?

    1. Brown v. Board of Education
    2. McCulloch v. Maryland
    3. New York Times Co. v. United States
    4. McDonald v. Chicago
    Show answer

    A. Brown v. Board of Education: In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Court ruled that state-mandated racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause.

  7. Which attorney argued the Brown v. Board of Education case for the NAACP and later became the first Black Supreme Court justice?

    1. Clarence Thomas
    2. Thurgood Marshall
    3. Earl Warren
    4. Martin Luther King Jr.
    Show answer

    B. Thurgood Marshall: Marshall led the NAACP Legal Defense Fund and was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1967.

  8. In Brown v. Board of Education II (1955), the Court ordered schools to desegregate

    1. immediately, within one week.
    2. "with all deliberate speed."
    3. only if voters approved.
    4. by 1990.
    Show answer

    B. "with all deliberate speed.": The vague phrase allowed many districts to delay desegregation for years.

  9. Brown v. Board of Education was decided unanimously. Who was Chief Justice?

    1. John Marshall
    2. Earl Warren
    3. Warren Burger
    4. John Roberts
    Show answer

    B. Earl Warren: Warren worked to achieve a 9–0 decision to give it greater authority.

  10. "In the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place." This quotation comes from
    1. Brown v. Board of Education.
    2. Plessy v. Ferguson.
    3. Regents v. Bakke.
    4. Shaw v. Reno.
    Show answer

    A. Brown v. Board of Education.: The Court found segregated schools "inherently unequal."

  11. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Equal protection"?

    1. Shelby County v. Holder (2013)
    2. United States v. Nixon (1974)
    3. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
    4. Schenck v. United States (1919)
    Show answer

    C. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954): Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) is a key case on equal protection.

  12. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided first?

    1. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
    2. Engel v. Vitale
    3. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    Show answer

    A. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: 1954; Engel v. Vitale: 1962; Regents of the University of California v. Bakke: 1978; Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier: 1988.

Bush v. Gore (2000) (6)

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  1. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It effectively decided the 2000 presidential election and raised awareness of election procedures and standards.
    1. Mapp v. Ohio
    2. Bush v. Gore
    3. Brown v. Board of Education
    4. Shaw v. Reno
    Show answer

    B. Bush v. Gore: Bush v. Gore (2000): It effectively decided the 2000 presidential election and raised awareness of election procedures and standards.

  2. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    During a disputed presidential election, counties in one state use different standards to recount ballots by hand.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. New York Times Co. v. United States
    2. Bush v. Gore
    3. Plessy v. Ferguson
    4. Mapp v. Ohio
    Show answer

    B. Bush v. Gore: Bush v. Gore (2000) stopped the Florida presidential election recount because the varying recount standards violated the Equal Protection Clause.

  3. Which U.S. Supreme Court case stopped the Florida presidential election recount because the varying recount standards violated the Equal Protection Clause?

    1. Plessy v. Ferguson
    2. Shaw v. Reno
    3. Bush v. Gore
    4. District of Columbia v. Heller
    Show answer

    C. Bush v. Gore: In Bush v. Gore (2000), the Court stopped the Florida presidential election recount because the varying recount standards violated the Equal Protection Clause.

  4. Which state's recount was at issue in Bush v. Gore (2000)?

    1. Ohio
    2. Florida
    3. Pennsylvania
    4. Georgia
    Show answer

    B. Florida: Stopping the recount left George W. Bush the winner of Florida's 25 electoral votes.

  5. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Elections"?

    1. District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)
    2. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
    3. Shaw v. Reno (1993)
    4. Bush v. Gore (2000)
    Show answer

    D. Bush v. Gore (2000): Bush v. Gore (2000) is a key case on elections.

  6. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided most recently?

    1. Bush v. Gore
    2. Marbury v. Madison
    3. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
    4. New York Times Co. v. United States
    Show answer

    A. Bush v. Gore: Marbury v. Madison: 1803; Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: 1954; New York Times Co. v. United States: 1971; Bush v. Gore: 2000.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) (10)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A man is arrested for sitting in a railroad car reserved for white passengers in violation of a state segregation law.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Engel v. Vitale
    2. New York Times Co. v. United States
    3. Gideon v. Wainwright
    4. Plessy v. Ferguson
    Show answer

    D. Plessy v. Ferguson: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld state laws requiring racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

  2. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

    1. The Court required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning.
    2. The Court upheld state laws requiring racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.
    3. The Court held that requiring Amish children to attend school past the eighth grade violated their free exercise of religion.
    4. The Court ruled that the government may not limit independent political spending by corporations and unions.
    Show answer

    B. The Court upheld state laws requiring racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.: In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court upheld state laws requiring racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

  3. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It allowed Jim Crow segregation of public facilities to continue for more than half a century.
    1. Engel v. Vitale
    2. District of Columbia v. Heller
    3. Plessy v. Ferguson
    4. Marbury v. Madison
    Show answer

    C. Plessy v. Ferguson: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): It allowed Jim Crow segregation of public facilities to continue for more than half a century.

  4. The Supreme Court enabled which government practice to continue with its ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?

    1. segregating public facilities
    2. establishing immigration quotas
    3. prohibiting monopolies
    4. regulating financial markets
    Show answer

    A. segregating public facilities: Plessy upheld 'separate but equal.'

  5. Which U.S. Supreme Court case upheld state laws requiring racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine?

    1. Schenck v. United States
    2. McCulloch v. Maryland
    3. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    4. Plessy v. Ferguson
    Show answer

    D. Plessy v. Ferguson: In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Court upheld state laws requiring racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

  6. Use the passage below, from a dissenting opinion in a landmark Supreme Court case, to answer the question that follows.

    "Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens."

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    2. Mapp v. Ohio
    3. McCulloch v. Maryland
    4. Plessy v. Ferguson
    Show answer

    D. Plessy v. Ferguson: This passage is from Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).

  7. Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in a whites-only railroad car in which state?

    1. Kansas
    2. Alabama
    3. Louisiana
    4. Mississippi
    Show answer

    C. Louisiana: Louisiana's Separate Car Act required separate railway accommodations by race.

  8. Who wrote the lone dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson, stating "Our Constitution is color-blind"?

    1. Chief Justice John Marshall
    2. Justice John Marshall Harlan
    3. Justice Thurgood Marshall
    4. Chief Justice Earl Warren
    Show answer

    B. Justice John Marshall Harlan: Harlan's dissent was later seen as vindicated by Brown v. Board of Education.

  9. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Equal protection"?

    1. Shaw v. Reno (1993)
    2. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
    3. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
    4. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
    Show answer

    C. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) is a key case on equal protection.

  10. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided first?

    1. Plessy v. Ferguson
    2. Korematsu v. United States
    3. Obergefell v. Hodges
    4. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
    Show answer

    A. Plessy v. Ferguson: Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896; Korematsu v. United States: 1944; Obergefell v. Hodges: 2015; Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization: 2022.

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) (6)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A high school principal removes two articles from the school-sponsored student newspaper produced in a journalism class.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    2. McDonald v. Chicago
    3. Gideon v. Wainwright
    4. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    Show answer

    A. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier: Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) held that school officials may censor school-sponsored student newspapers for legitimate educational reasons.

  2. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It gave schools greater authority over school-sponsored student expression.
    1. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    2. Shaw v. Reno
    3. McCulloch v. Maryland
    4. Mapp v. Ohio
    Show answer

    A. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier: Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988): It gave schools greater authority over school-sponsored student expression.

  3. Which U.S. Supreme Court case held that school officials may censor school-sponsored student newspapers for legitimate educational reasons?

    1. Baker v. Carr
    2. Plessy v. Ferguson
    3. Roe v. Wade
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    Show answer

    D. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier: In Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988), the Court held that school officials may censor school-sponsored student newspapers for legitimate educational reasons.

  4. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)?

    1. The Court held that school officials may censor school-sponsored student newspapers for legitimate educational reasons.
    2. The Court allowed newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers, rejecting the government's request for prior restraint.
    3. The Court ruled that executive privilege is not absolute and ordered the president to turn over subpoenaed tapes.
    4. The Court stopped the Florida presidential election recount because the varying recount standards violated the Equal Protection Clause.
    Show answer

    A. The Court held that school officials may censor school-sponsored student newspapers for legitimate educational reasons.: In Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, the Court held that school officials may censor school-sponsored student newspapers for legitimate educational reasons.

  5. In Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988), the principal removed articles about

    1. teen pregnancy and the effects of divorce on students.
    2. the Vietnam War.
    3. the school football team.
    4. the national anthem.
    Show answer

    A. teen pregnancy and the effects of divorce on students.: The Court held that schools may control school-sponsored publications for legitimate educational reasons.

  6. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Student speech and press"?

    1. Shelby County v. Holder (2013)
    2. Engel v. Vitale (1962)
    3. Schenck v. United States (1919)
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
    Show answer

    D. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988): Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) is a key case on student speech and press.

Baker v. Carr (1962) (7)

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  1. Which two cases dealt with the drawing of legislative districts?

    1. Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board
    2. Baker v. Carr and Shaw v. Reno
    3. Mapp v. Ohio and Miranda v. Arizona
    4. Engel v. Vitale and Wisconsin v. Yoder
    Show answer

    B. Baker v. Carr and Shaw v. Reno: Both involved apportionment and districting under Equal Protection.

  2. The 'one person, one vote' principle grew out of which line of cases beginning in 1962?

    1. Mapp v. Ohio
    2. Baker v. Carr
    3. Engel v. Vitale
    4. Texas v. Johnson
    Show answer

    B. Baker v. Carr: Baker made apportionment justiciable, leading to Reynolds v. Sims.

  3. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    Voters in a growing city complain that their state has not redrawn legislative districts in sixty years, so rural votes count far more than urban votes.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. United States v. Nixon
    2. United States v. Lopez
    3. Baker v. Carr
    4. Roe v. Wade
    Show answer

    C. Baker v. Carr: Baker v. Carr (1962) held that federal courts may hear challenges to the apportionment of state legislative districts.

  4. Which U.S. Supreme Court case held that federal courts may hear challenges to the apportionment of state legislative districts?

    1. Baker v. Carr
    2. District of Columbia v. Heller
    3. McCulloch v. Maryland
    4. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    Show answer

    A. Baker v. Carr: In Baker v. Carr (1962), the Court held that federal courts may hear challenges to the apportionment of state legislative districts.

  5. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It opened the door to the 'one person, one vote' principle and the redrawing of legislative districts.
    1. Schenck v. United States
    2. Baker v. Carr
    3. Marbury v. Madison
    4. United States v. Lopez
    Show answer

    B. Baker v. Carr: Baker v. Carr (1962): It opened the door to the 'one person, one vote' principle and the redrawing of legislative districts.

  6. Which case's "one person, one vote" principle stemmed from a Tennessee voter's challenge to legislative districts that had not been redrawn since 1901?

    1. Shaw v. Reno (1993)
    2. Bush v. Gore (2000)
    3. Citizens United v. FEC (2010)
    4. Baker v. Carr (1962)
    Show answer

    D. Baker v. Carr (1962): The Court held that redistricting challenges are justiciable. Later cases such as Reynolds v. Sims applied "one person, one vote."

  7. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Voting and representation"?

    1. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
    2. Baker v. Carr (1962)
    3. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    4. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
    Show answer

    B. Baker v. Carr (1962): Baker v. Carr (1962) is a key case on voting and representation.

United States v. Nixon (1974) (8)

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  1. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Nixon (1974)?

    1. The Court ruled that executive privilege is not absolute and ordered the president to turn over subpoenaed tapes.
    2. The Court ruled that state-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause.
    3. The Court held that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' during wartime, such as urging resistance to the draft, is not protected.
    4. The Court held that states must provide an attorney to defendants charged with felonies who cannot afford one.
    Show answer

    A. The Court ruled that executive privilege is not absolute and ordered the president to turn over subpoenaed tapes.: In United States v. Nixon, the Court ruled that executive privilege is not absolute and ordered the president to turn over subpoenaed tapes.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that executive privilege is not absolute and ordered the president to turn over subpoenaed tapes?

    1. Roe v. Wade
    2. United States v. Nixon
    3. New York Times Co. v. United States
    4. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    Show answer

    B. United States v. Nixon: In United States v. Nixon (1974), the Court ruled that executive privilege is not absolute and ordered the president to turn over subpoenaed tapes.

  3. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It confirmed that no one, not even the president, is above the law, and led to President Nixon's resignation.
    1. New York Times Co. v. United States
    2. Engel v. Vitale
    3. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    4. United States v. Nixon
    Show answer

    D. United States v. Nixon: United States v. Nixon (1974): It confirmed that no one, not even the president, is above the law, and led to President Nixon's resignation.

  4. Which case grew out of the Watergate scandal?

    1. Bush v. Gore
    2. Texas v. Johnson
    3. New York Times v. United States
    4. United States v. Nixon
    Show answer

    D. United States v. Nixon: The Court ordered Nixon to release the Oval Office tapes.

  5. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A president refuses to obey a subpoena for recorded conversations needed as evidence in a criminal trial, claiming executive privilege.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. District of Columbia v. Heller
    2. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    3. United States v. Nixon
    4. McCulloch v. Maryland
    Show answer

    C. United States v. Nixon: United States v. Nixon (1974) ruled that executive privilege is not absolute and ordered the president to turn over subpoenaed tapes.

  6. United States v. Nixon (1974) required President Nixon to turn over

    1. his tax returns.
    2. tape recordings subpoenaed in the Watergate investigation.
    3. the Pentagon Papers.
    4. his medical records.
    Show answer

    B. tape recordings subpoenaed in the Watergate investigation.: The Court held that executive privilege is not absolute. Nixon resigned weeks later.

  7. Which principle did United States v. Nixon most clearly reinforce?

    1. No one, not even the president, is above the law.
    2. The president controls the courts.
    3. Congress may not investigate the president.
    4. Executive privilege is unlimited.
    Show answer

    A. No one, not even the president, is above the law.: The unanimous decision reflects the rule of law.

  8. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Separation of powers"?

    1. United States v. Nixon (1974)
    2. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012)
    3. United States v. Lopez (1995)
    4. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    Show answer

    A. United States v. Nixon (1974): United States v. Nixon (1974) is a key case on separation of powers.

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) (7)

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  1. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It established a heavy presumption against prior restraint of the press.
    1. Schenck v. United States
    2. Shaw v. Reno
    3. United States v. Lopez
    4. New York Times Co. v. United States
    Show answer

    D. New York Times Co. v. United States: New York Times Co. v. United States (1971): It established a heavy presumption against prior restraint of the press.

  2. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    The federal government asks a court to stop newspapers from printing a classified history of a war that was leaked to them.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. United States v. Nixon
    2. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    3. Miranda v. Arizona
    4. New York Times Co. v. United States
    Show answer

    D. New York Times Co. v. United States: New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) allowed newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers, rejecting the government's request for prior restraint.

  3. The Pentagon Papers concerned the history of U.S. involvement in

    1. the Korean War
    2. the Gulf War
    3. the Vietnam War
    4. World War II
    Show answer

    C. the Vietnam War: The papers were a secret Defense Department study of Vietnam policy.

  4. Which U.S. Supreme Court case allowed newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers, rejecting the government's request for prior restraint?

    1. United States v. Nixon
    2. United States v. Lopez
    3. New York Times Co. v. United States
    4. Miranda v. Arizona
    Show answer

    C. New York Times Co. v. United States: In New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), the Court allowed newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers, rejecting the government's request for prior restraint.

  5. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)?

    1. The Court allowed newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers, rejecting the government's request for prior restraint.
    2. The Court ruled that the government may not limit independent political spending by corporations and unions.
    3. The Court upheld the forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
    4. The Court ruled that state-mandated racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause.
    Show answer

    A. The Court allowed newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers, rejecting the government's request for prior restraint.: In New York Times Co. v. United States, the Court allowed newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers, rejecting the government's request for prior restraint.

  6. The Pentagon Papers, at issue in New York Times v. United States (1971), were

    1. the minutes of the Constitutional Convention.
    2. FBI files on civil rights leaders.
    3. the Watergate tapes.
    4. a secret government study of U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
    Show answer

    D. a secret government study of U.S. involvement in Vietnam.: Daniel Ellsberg leaked them. The Court refused to block publication, rejecting prior restraint.

  7. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Freedom of the press"?

    1. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
    2. McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010)
    3. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
    4. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
    Show answer

    A. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971): New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) is a key case on freedom of the press.

Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) (3)

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  1. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade (1973)?

    1. The Court recognized a constitutional right to privacy that included a woman's decision to have an abortion (later overturned in Dobbs v. Jackson, 2022).
    2. The Court held that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to keep a handgun in the home for self-defense.
    3. The Court ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school.
    4. The Court held that requiring Amish children to attend school past the eighth grade violated their free exercise of religion.
    Show answer

    A. The Court recognized a constitutional right to privacy that included a woman's decision to have an abortion (later overturned in Dobbs v. Jackson, 2022).: In Roe v. Wade, the Court recognized a constitutional right to privacy that included a woman's decision to have an abortion (later overturned in Dobbs v. Jackson, 2022).

  2. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) overruled

    1. Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey.
    2. Brown v. Board of Education.
    3. Miranda v. Arizona.
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright.
    Show answer

    A. Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey.: The Court held that the Constitution does not confer a right to abortion, returning the issue to the people and their elected representatives.

  3. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Due process and federalism"?

    1. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964)
    2. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)
    3. District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)
    4. Shaw v. Reno (1993)
    Show answer

    B. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022): Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) is a key case on due process and federalism.

Shaw v. Reno (1993) (5)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    Voters challenge an oddly shaped congressional district that was drawn mainly to group voters of one race together.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Shaw v. Reno
    2. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    3. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    4. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    Show answer

    A. Shaw v. Reno: Shaw v. Reno (1993) held that congressional districts drawn primarily on the basis of race are subject to strict scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case held that congressional districts drawn primarily on the basis of race are subject to strict scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause?

    1. Shaw v. Reno
    2. United States v. Lopez
    3. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    4. Baker v. Carr
    Show answer

    A. Shaw v. Reno: In Shaw v. Reno (1993), the Court held that congressional districts drawn primarily on the basis of race are subject to strict scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause.

  3. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It limited racial gerrymandering in drawing election districts.
    1. Shaw v. Reno
    2. United States v. Lopez
    3. Marbury v. Madison
    4. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    Show answer

    A. Shaw v. Reno: Shaw v. Reno (1993): It limited racial gerrymandering in drawing election districts.

  4. Shaw v. Reno (1993) involved an oddly shaped congressional district in

    1. Florida.
    2. Texas.
    3. North Carolina.
    4. California.
    Show answer

    C. North Carolina.: The Court held that districts drawn mainly on the basis of race are subject to strict scrutiny.

  5. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Voting and representation"?

    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
    2. Shaw v. Reno (1993)
    3. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    4. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964)
    Show answer

    B. Shaw v. Reno (1993): Shaw v. Reno (1993) is a key case on voting and representation.

Schenck v. United States (1919) (8)

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  1. Which U.S. Supreme Court case held that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' during wartime, such as urging resistance to the draft, is not protected?

    1. Brown v. Board of Education
    2. McCulloch v. Maryland
    3. Schenck v. United States
    4. Baker v. Carr
    Show answer

    C. Schenck v. United States: In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Court held that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' during wartime, such as urging resistance to the draft, is not protected.

  2. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Schenck v. United States (1919)?

    1. The Court held that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' during wartime, such as urging resistance to the draft, is not protected.
    2. The Court held that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to keep a handgun in the home for self-defense.
    3. The Court held that congressional districts drawn primarily on the basis of race are subject to strict scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause.
    4. The Court ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school.
    Show answer

    A. The Court held that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' during wartime, such as urging resistance to the draft, is not protected.: In Schenck v. United States, the Court held that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' during wartime, such as urging resistance to the draft, is not protected.

  3. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court opinion, to answer the question that follows.

    "The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic."

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Schenck v. United States
    2. United States v. Lopez
    3. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    4. Shaw v. Reno
    Show answer

    A. Schenck v. United States: This passage is from Schenck v. United States (1919).

  4. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It established that free speech rights may be limited when speech presents a clear and present danger.
    1. Shaw v. Reno
    2. Bush v. Gore
    3. Schenck v. United States
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    Show answer

    C. Schenck v. United States: Schenck v. United States (1919): It established that free speech rights may be limited when speech presents a clear and present danger.

  5. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    During wartime, a man is convicted for mailing leaflets urging men to resist the military draft.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Roe v. Wade
    2. Schenck v. United States
    3. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    4. Plessy v. Ferguson
    Show answer

    B. Schenck v. United States: Schenck v. United States (1919) held that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' during wartime, such as urging resistance to the draft, is not protected.

  6. In Schenck v. United States (1919), Charles Schenck had been convicted under the Espionage Act for

    1. burning a flag.
    2. refusing to salute the flag.
    3. distributing leaflets urging men to resist the military draft.
    4. publishing the Pentagon Papers.
    Show answer

    C. distributing leaflets urging men to resist the military draft.: The Court upheld his conviction using the "clear and present danger" test.

  7. Which justice wrote the opinion in Schenck, comparing dangerous speech to "falsely shouting fire in a theatre"?

    1. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
    2. Hugo Black
    3. Earl Warren
    4. Antonin Scalia
    Show answer

    A. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.: Holmes later moved toward stronger protection for speech in his dissents.

  8. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Freedom of speech"?

    1. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
    2. Schenck v. United States (1919)
    3. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
    Show answer

    B. Schenck v. United States (1919): Schenck v. United States (1919) is a key case on freedom of speech.

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) (11)

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  1. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It struck down the Missouri Compromise, deepened sectional conflict, and was later overturned by the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.
    1. District of Columbia v. Heller
    2. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    3. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright
    Show answer

    B. Dred Scott v. Sandford: Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857): It struck down the Missouri Compromise, deepened sectional conflict, and was later overturned by the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.

  2. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    An enslaved man sues for his freedom after living for years in a free state and a free territory.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    2. Marbury v. Madison
    3. Shaw v. Reno
    4. McCulloch v. Maryland
    Show answer

    A. Dred Scott v. Sandford: Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.

  3. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)?

    1. The Court held that requiring Amish children to attend school past the eighth grade violated their free exercise of religion.
    2. The Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.
    3. The Court ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school.
    4. The Court recognized a constitutional right to privacy that included a woman's decision to have an abortion (later overturned in Dobbs v. Jackson, 2022).
    Show answer

    B. The Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.: In Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.

  4. Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories?

    1. United States v. Nixon
    2. Engel v. Vitale
    3. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    4. Marbury v. Madison
    Show answer

    C. Dred Scott v. Sandford: In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.

  5. Which Chief Justice wrote the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

    1. John Marshall
    2. Warren Burger
    3. Earl Warren
    4. Roger Taney
    Show answer

    D. Roger Taney: Taney wrote that Black Americans could not be citizens.

  6. Which case was later reversed by the ratification of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments?

    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    2. Marbury v. Madison
    3. Schenck v. United States
    4. Plessy v. Ferguson
    Show answer

    A. Dred Scott v. Sandford: The amendments abolished slavery and granted citizenship.

  7. Which outcome resulted from Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)?

    1. The Missouri Compromise's ban on slavery in federal territories was declared unconstitutional.
    2. Slavery was abolished nationwide.
    3. Enslaved people gained citizenship.
    4. The Fugitive Slave Act was struck down.
    Show answer

    A. The Missouri Compromise's ban on slavery in federal territories was declared unconstitutional.: Chief Justice Taney held that Black Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.

  8. Which Chief Justice wrote the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

    1. John Marshall
    2. Roger B. Taney
    3. Earl Warren
    4. William Rehnquist
    Show answer

    B. Roger B. Taney: Taney's opinion deepened sectional conflict before the Civil War.

  9. Which constitutional changes overturned the Dred Scott decision?

    1. The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments
    2. The First and Second Amendments
    3. The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments
    4. The Twenty-First and Twenty-Second Amendments
    Show answer

    A. The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments: The Thirteenth abolished slavery and the Fourteenth made all persons born in the United States citizens.

  10. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Slavery and citizenship"?

    1. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    2. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
    3. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
    4. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
    Show answer

    D. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857): Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) is a key case on slavery and citizenship.

  11. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided first?

    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    2. Wisconsin v. Yoder
    3. Texas v. Johnson
    4. Bush v. Gore
    Show answer

    A. Dred Scott v. Sandford: Dred Scott v. Sandford: 1857; Wisconsin v. Yoder: 1972; Texas v. Johnson: 1989; Bush v. Gore: 2000.

McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010) (4)

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  1. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It incorporated the Second Amendment against the states through selective incorporation.
    1. McDonald v. Chicago
    2. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    3. Engel v. Vitale
    4. New York Times Co. v. United States
    Show answer

    A. McDonald v. Chicago: McDonald v. Chicago (2010): It incorporated the Second Amendment against the states through selective incorporation.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case held that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments?

    1. Schenck v. United States
    2. Tinker v. Des Moines
    3. Shaw v. Reno
    4. McDonald v. Chicago
    Show answer

    D. McDonald v. Chicago: In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the Court held that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments.

  3. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A city resident challenges a city ordinance that bans handgun ownership.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. McDonald v. Chicago
    2. Engel v. Vitale
    3. Korematsu v. United States
    4. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    Show answer

    A. McDonald v. Chicago: McDonald v. Chicago (2010) held that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments.

  4. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Right to bear arms and incorporation"?

    1. McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010)
    2. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    3. Baker v. Carr (1962)
    4. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
    Show answer

    A. McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010): McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010) is a key case on right to bear arms and incorporation.

Korematsu v. United States (1944) (7)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    During wartime, a citizen of Japanese descent is convicted for refusing to leave a West Coast military exclusion zone.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Korematsu v. United States
    2. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    3. Plessy v. Ferguson
    4. District of Columbia v. Heller
    Show answer

    A. Korematsu v. United States: Korematsu v. United States (1944) upheld the forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

  2. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It permitted the restriction of civil liberties in the name of national security; the Court later repudiated it in 2018.
    1. Korematsu v. United States
    2. Texas v. Johnson
    3. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    4. Plessy v. Ferguson
    Show answer

    A. Korematsu v. United States: Korematsu v. United States (1944): It permitted the restriction of civil liberties in the name of national security; the Court later repudiated it in 2018.

  3. Which U.S. Supreme Court case upheld the forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II?

    1. McCulloch v. Maryland
    2. Korematsu v. United States
    3. Schenck v. United States
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright
    Show answer

    B. Korematsu v. United States: In Korematsu v. United States (1944), the Court upheld the forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

  4. Which Supreme Court case resulted in a decision that undermined civil liberties in favor of national security during World War II?

    1. District of Columbia v. Heller
    2. Brown v. Board of Education
    3. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    4. Korematsu v. United States
    Show answer

    D. Korematsu v. United States: Korematsu upheld Japanese American internment.

  5. Fred Korematsu was convicted for

    1. evading the Vietnam War draft.
    2. refusing to leave his home in a military exclusion zone under orders that followed Executive Order 9066.
    3. protesting segregation at a lunch counter.
    4. refusing to testify before Congress.
    Show answer

    B. refusing to leave his home in a military exclusion zone under orders that followed Executive Order 9066.: The Court upheld his conviction in 1944. His conviction was vacated in 1983.

  6. In Trump v. Hawaii (2018), Chief Justice Roberts wrote that Korematsu

    1. was correctly decided.
    2. applied only to Hawaii.
    3. had never been cited.
    4. "was gravely wrong the day it was decided."
    Show answer

    D. "was gravely wrong the day it was decided.": The statement formally repudiated Korematsu, though the 2018 case concerned a different issue.

  7. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Civil liberties in wartime"?

    1. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
    2. Schenck v. United States (1919)
    3. Roe v. Wade (1973)
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
    Show answer

    A. Korematsu v. United States (1944): Korematsu v. United States (1944) is a key case on civil liberties in wartime.

Roe v. Wade (1973) (7)

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  1. Which case was overruled by the Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)?

    1. Mapp v. Ohio
    2. Roe v. Wade
    3. Miranda v. Arizona
    4. Brown v. Board of Education
    Show answer

    B. Roe v. Wade: Dobbs held the Constitution does not confer a right to abortion.

  2. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A woman challenges a state law that makes nearly all abortions a crime.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Roe v. Wade
    2. Brown v. Board of Education
    3. Engel v. Vitale
    4. Plessy v. Ferguson
    Show answer

    A. Roe v. Wade: Roe v. Wade (1973) recognized a constitutional right to privacy that included a woman's decision to have an abortion (later overturned in Dobbs v. Jackson, 2022).

  3. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It limited state abortion restrictions nationwide until it was overturned in 2022, returning the issue to the states.
    1. Plessy v. Ferguson
    2. Bush v. Gore
    3. Baker v. Carr
    4. Roe v. Wade
    Show answer

    D. Roe v. Wade: Roe v. Wade (1973): It limited state abortion restrictions nationwide until it was overturned in 2022, returning the issue to the states.

  4. Which U.S. Supreme Court case recognized a constitutional right to privacy that included a woman's decision to have an abortion (later overturned in Dobbs v. Jackson, 2022)?

    1. Roe v. Wade
    2. Engel v. Vitale
    3. Schenck v. United States
    4. Baker v. Carr
    Show answer

    A. Roe v. Wade: In Roe v. Wade (1973), the Court recognized a constitutional right to privacy that included a woman's decision to have an abortion (later overturned in Dobbs v. Jackson, 2022).

  5. Which legal theory did Roe v. Wade (1973) rely on?

    1. The Commerce Clause
    2. The Second Amendment
    3. The Establishment Clause
    4. A right to privacy grounded in the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause
    Show answer

    D. A right to privacy grounded in the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause: The Court said the right to privacy included a woman's decision about abortion. Dobbs overruled Roe in 2022.

  6. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Privacy and due process"?

    1. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)
    2. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
    3. Roe v. Wade (1973)
    4. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
    Show answer

    C. Roe v. Wade (1973): Roe v. Wade (1973) is a key case on privacy and due process.

  7. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided first?

    1. Roe v. Wade
    2. United States v. Lopez
    3. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
    4. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
    Show answer

    A. Roe v. Wade: Roe v. Wade: 1973; United States v. Lopez: 1995; National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius: 2012; Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization: 2022.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) (8)

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  1. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

    1. The Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states, so evidence from an illegal search cannot be used in state courts.
    2. The Court held that school officials may censor school-sponsored student newspapers for legitimate educational reasons.
    3. The Court required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning.
    4. The Court ruled that state-mandated racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause.
    Show answer

    C. The Court required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning.: In Miranda v. Arizona, the Court required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning.

  2. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A suspect is arrested and questioned for hours and confesses without ever being told he may remain silent or have a lawyer.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    2. Miranda v. Arizona
    3. Baker v. Carr
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright
    Show answer

    B. Miranda v. Arizona: Miranda v. Arizona (1966) required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning.

  3. Which U.S. Supreme Court case required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning?

    1. Bush v. Gore
    2. Baker v. Carr
    3. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    4. Miranda v. Arizona
    Show answer

    D. Miranda v. Arizona: In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Court required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning.

  4. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court opinion, to answer the question that follows.

    "He must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law..."

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Miranda v. Arizona
    2. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    3. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    4. District of Columbia v. Heller
    Show answer

    A. Miranda v. Arizona: This passage is from Miranda v. Arizona (1966).

  5. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It created the 'Miranda warnings' that police give before custodial interrogations.
    1. Plessy v. Ferguson
    2. Miranda v. Arizona
    3. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    4. Engel v. Vitale
    Show answer

    B. Miranda v. Arizona: Miranda v. Arizona (1966): It created the 'Miranda warnings' that police give before custodial interrogations.

  6. Which of the following is a Miranda warning police must give before custodial interrogation?

    1. "You have the right to a speedy trial."
    2. "You have the right to remain silent."
    3. "You have the right to bear arms."
    4. "You have the right to vote."
    Show answer

    B. "You have the right to remain silent.": Suspects must also be told that anything they say may be used against them and that they have a right to an attorney.

  7. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) is based mainly on which amendments?

    1. The Fifth and Sixth Amendments
    2. The First and Second Amendments
    3. The Eighth and Tenth Amendments
    4. The Fourth and Seventh Amendments
    Show answer

    A. The Fifth and Sixth Amendments: It protects the privilege against self-incrimination and the right to counsel.

  8. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Rights of the accused"?

    1. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
    2. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    3. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
    4. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
    Show answer

    B. Miranda v. Arizona (1966): Miranda v. Arizona (1966) is a key case on rights of the accused.

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) (7)

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  1. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)?

    1. The Court ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school.
    2. The Court ruled that state-mandated racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause.
    3. The Court required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning.
    4. The Court ruled that the government may not limit independent political spending by corporations and unions.
    Show answer

    D. The Court ruled that the government may not limit independent political spending by corporations and unions.: In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the Court ruled that the government may not limit independent political spending by corporations and unions.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that the government may not limit independent political spending by corporations and unions?

    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    2. New York Times Co. v. United States
    3. Brown v. Board of Education
    4. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    Show answer

    D. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission: In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), the Court ruled that the government may not limit independent political spending by corporations and unions.

  3. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A nonprofit corporation is barred from airing a film critical of a candidate shortly before an election.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. District of Columbia v. Heller
    2. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    3. Texas v. Johnson
    4. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    Show answer

    D. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission: Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) ruled that the government may not limit independent political spending by corporations and unions.

  4. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It led to the growth of independent expenditure groups such as super PACs.
    1. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    2. Texas v. Johnson
    3. McDonald v. Chicago
    4. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    Show answer

    D. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission: Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010): It led to the growth of independent expenditure groups such as super PACs.

  5. Citizens United v. FEC (2010) began with a dispute over

    1. a flag-burning protest.
    2. a school newspaper.
    3. a documentary film criticizing Hillary Clinton.
    4. a political cartoon of George W. Bush.
    Show answer

    C. a documentary film criticizing Hillary Clinton.: The FEC said Hillary: The Movie was electioneering communication. The Court struck down limits on independent spending by corporations and unions.

  6. Citizens United v. FEC led to the growth of which kind of political group?

    1. Super PACs, which may raise and spend unlimited amounts independently of candidates
    2. Party conventions
    3. Labor unions banned from politics
    4. Publicly funded campaigns
    Show answer

    A. Super PACs, which may raise and spend unlimited amounts independently of candidates: A later lower-court ruling, SpeechNow.org v. FEC, applied the reasoning to PACs.

  7. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Campaign finance and speech"?

    1. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)
    2. United States v. Nixon (1974)
    3. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
    Show answer

    C. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010): Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) is a key case on campaign finance and speech.

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) (7)

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  1. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It limited affirmative action programs by banning strict racial quotas.
    1. Gideon v. Wainwright
    2. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    3. United States v. Lopez
    4. Marbury v. Madison
    Show answer

    B. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978): It limited affirmative action programs by banning strict racial quotas.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case struck down fixed racial quotas in university admissions but allowed race to be considered as one factor?

    1. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    2. Dred Scott v. Sandford
    3. Brown v. Board of Education
    4. United States v. Lopez
    Show answer

    A. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke: In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Court struck down fixed racial quotas in university admissions but allowed race to be considered as one factor.

  3. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?

    1. The Court held that school officials may censor school-sponsored student newspapers for legitimate educational reasons.
    2. The Court ruled that state-mandated racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause.
    3. The Court struck down fixed racial quotas in university admissions but allowed race to be considered as one factor.
    4. The Court established the power of judicial review, allowing federal courts to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
    Show answer

    C. The Court struck down fixed racial quotas in university admissions but allowed race to be considered as one factor.: In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Court struck down fixed racial quotas in university admissions but allowed race to be considered as one factor.

  4. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A white applicant is rejected by a medical school that reserves 16 of 100 seats for minority applicants.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Marbury v. Madison
    2. Gideon v. Wainwright
    3. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    4. Brown v. Board of Education
    Show answer

    C. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) struck down fixed racial quotas in university admissions but allowed race to be considered as one factor.

  5. Allan Bakke was rejected twice by the medical school at

    1. Harvard University.
    2. the University of California, Davis.
    3. the University of Florida.
    4. the University of Michigan.
    Show answer

    B. the University of California, Davis.: Bakke argued that the school's set-aside of 16 seats for minority applicants discriminated against him.

  6. How was the Bakke decision later affected by Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (2023)?

    1. The Court required all colleges to use quotas.
    2. The Court upheld all affirmative action programs.
    3. The Court ruled that private colleges cannot be sued.
    4. The Court held that race-conscious college admissions programs at Harvard and UNC violated the Equal Protection Clause and Title VI.
    Show answer

    D. The Court held that race-conscious college admissions programs at Harvard and UNC violated the Equal Protection Clause and Title VI.: The 2023 decision effectively ended race-conscious admissions.

  7. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Equal protection and affirmative action"?

    1. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
    2. Schenck v. United States (1919)
    3. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
    4. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
    Show answer

    C. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978): Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) is a key case on equal protection and affirmative action.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) (8)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A state passes a special tax aimed only at a bank chartered by the federal government.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Tinker v. Des Moines
    2. Texas v. Johnson
    3. McCulloch v. Maryland
    4. New York Times Co. v. United States
    Show answer

    C. McCulloch v. Maryland: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) held that Congress had implied power to create a national bank and that a state could not tax it.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case held that Congress had implied power to create a national bank and that a state could not tax it?

    1. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    2. McCulloch v. Maryland
    3. Bush v. Gore
    4. Wisconsin v. Yoder
    Show answer

    B. McCulloch v. Maryland: In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Court held that Congress had implied power to create a national bank and that a state could not tax it.

  3. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court opinion, to answer the question that follows.

    "the power to tax involves the power to destroy"

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Tinker v. Des Moines
    2. McCulloch v. Maryland
    3. New York Times Co. v. United States
    4. McDonald v. Chicago
    Show answer

    B. McCulloch v. Maryland: This passage is from McCulloch v. Maryland (1819).

  4. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It broadened federal power through implied powers and confirmed federal supremacy over the states.
    1. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    2. McCulloch v. Maryland
    3. Marbury v. Madison
    4. Tinker v. Des Moines
    Show answer

    B. McCulloch v. Maryland: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): It broadened federal power through implied powers and confirmed federal supremacy over the states.

  5. "The power to tax involves the power to destroy" appears in which case?
    1. McCulloch v. Maryland
    2. Marbury v. Madison
    3. Gibbons v. Ogden
    4. United States v. Lopez
    Show answer

    A. McCulloch v. Maryland: Marshall held that Maryland could not tax the national bank.

  6. Which two constitutional principles did McCulloch v. Maryland strengthen?

    1. Implied powers through the Necessary and Proper Clause, and national supremacy
    2. Judicial review and separation of church and state
    3. The right to counsel and the exclusionary rule
    4. Equal protection and voting rights
    Show answer

    A. Implied powers through the Necessary and Proper Clause, and national supremacy: Congress could create a bank as a means to its listed powers, and states could not interfere with it.

  7. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Federalism and national power"?

    1. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
    2. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
    3. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
    4. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
    Show answer

    B. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is a key case on federalism and national power.

  8. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided first?

    1. McCulloch v. Maryland
    2. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
    3. United States v. Nixon
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    Show answer

    A. McCulloch v. Maryland: McCulloch v. Maryland: 1819; Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: 1954; United States v. Nixon: 1974; Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier: 1988.

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) (4)

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  1. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It strengthened protection for religious practice against generally applicable state laws in certain cases.
    1. McCulloch v. Maryland
    2. Wisconsin v. Yoder
    3. United States v. Nixon
    4. United States v. Lopez
    Show answer

    B. Wisconsin v. Yoder: Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972): It strengthened protection for religious practice against generally applicable state laws in certain cases.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case held that requiring Amish children to attend school past the eighth grade violated their free exercise of religion?

    1. Wisconsin v. Yoder
    2. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    3. Engel v. Vitale
    4. Shaw v. Reno
    Show answer

    A. Wisconsin v. Yoder: In Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972), the Court held that requiring Amish children to attend school past the eighth grade violated their free exercise of religion.

  3. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    Parents of a religious community are fined for refusing to send their children to high school because doing so conflicts with their faith.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. McDonald v. Chicago
    2. Mapp v. Ohio
    3. Wisconsin v. Yoder
    4. Baker v. Carr
    Show answer

    C. Wisconsin v. Yoder: Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) held that requiring Amish children to attend school past the eighth grade violated their free exercise of religion.

  4. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Freedom of religion"?

    1. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
    2. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)
    3. District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)
    4. McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010)
    Show answer

    A. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972): Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) is a key case on freedom of religion.

Texas v. Johnson (1989) (7)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A protester is convicted under a state law for burning an American flag outside a political convention.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Texas v. Johnson
    2. New York Times Co. v. United States
    3. Roe v. Wade
    4. District of Columbia v. Heller
    Show answer

    A. Texas v. Johnson: Texas v. Johnson (1989) ruled that burning the American flag as political protest is symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that burning the American flag as political protest is symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment?

    1. Miranda v. Arizona
    2. Texas v. Johnson
    3. Bush v. Gore
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    Show answer

    B. Texas v. Johnson: In Texas v. Johnson (1989), the Court ruled that burning the American flag as political protest is symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.

  3. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court opinion, to answer the question that follows.

    "If there is a bedrock principle underlying the First Amendment, it is that the government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable."

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Brown v. Board of Education
    2. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    3. Miranda v. Arizona
    4. Texas v. Johnson
    Show answer

    D. Texas v. Johnson: This passage is from Texas v. Johnson (1989).

  4. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It protected symbolic speech, even when the expression is offensive to many people.
    1. Gideon v. Wainwright
    2. Texas v. Johnson
    3. United States v. Lopez
    4. McCulloch v. Maryland
    Show answer

    B. Texas v. Johnson: Texas v. Johnson (1989): It protected symbolic speech, even when the expression is offensive to many people.

  5. Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag outside the 1984 Republican National Convention in

    1. Austin, Texas.
    2. Miami, Florida.
    3. Chicago, Illinois.
    4. Dallas, Texas.
    Show answer

    D. Dallas, Texas.: The Court held that flag burning is protected symbolic speech (1989).

  6. After Texas v. Johnson, Congress passed the Flag Protection Act of 1989. What happened to it?

    1. The Supreme Court struck it down in United States v. Eichman (1990).
    2. It became the Twenty-Eighth Amendment.
    3. It was upheld unanimously.
    4. It was never signed.
    Show answer

    A. The Supreme Court struck it down in United States v. Eichman (1990).: The Court again held that flag burning is protected expression.

  7. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Symbolic speech"?

    1. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
    2. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
    3. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    4. Texas v. Johnson (1989)
    Show answer

    D. Texas v. Johnson (1989): Texas v. Johnson (1989) is a key case on symbolic speech.

Engel v. Vitale (1962) (7)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A state board of education writes a prayer and directs that it be recited aloud in public school classrooms each morning.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. McDonald v. Chicago
    2. Roe v. Wade
    3. Engel v. Vitale
    4. Baker v. Carr
    Show answer

    C. Engel v. Vitale: Engel v. Vitale (1962) ruled that state-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that state-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause?

    1. Engel v. Vitale
    2. Plessy v. Ferguson
    3. Gideon v. Wainwright
    4. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    Show answer

    A. Engel v. Vitale: In Engel v. Vitale (1962), the Court ruled that state-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause.

  3. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It barred official, government-composed prayer in public schools.
    1. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    2. Shaw v. Reno
    3. Engel v. Vitale
    4. Schenck v. United States
    Show answer

    C. Engel v. Vitale: Engel v. Vitale (1962): It barred official, government-composed prayer in public schools.

  4. Which two cases both involved the religion clauses of the First Amendment?

    1. Dred Scott v. Sandford and Plessy v. Ferguson
    2. Baker v. Carr and Bush v. Gore
    3. Mapp v. Ohio and Gideon v. Wainwright
    4. Engel v. Vitale and Wisconsin v. Yoder
    Show answer

    D. Engel v. Vitale and Wisconsin v. Yoder: Engel involved establishment; Yoder involved free exercise.

  5. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court opinion, to answer the question that follows.

    "it is no part of the business of government to compose official prayers for any group of the American people to recite as a part of a religious program carried on by government."

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Miranda v. Arizona
    2. Korematsu v. United States
    3. Engel v. Vitale
    4. Brown v. Board of Education
    Show answer

    C. Engel v. Vitale: This passage is from Engel v. Vitale (1962).

  6. The prayer at issue in Engel v. Vitale (1962) was written by

    1. a student.
    2. a church.
    3. Congress.
    4. the New York State Board of Regents.
    Show answer

    D. the New York State Board of Regents.: Even though voluntary and nondenominational, the government-written prayer violated the Establishment Clause.

  7. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Freedom of religion"?

    1. Engel v. Vitale (1962)
    2. Bush v. Gore (2000)
    3. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
    4. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
    Show answer

    A. Engel v. Vitale (1962): Engel v. Vitale (1962) is a key case on freedom of religion.

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) (6)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    Police enter a woman's home without a valid warrant, find evidence, and use it to convict her in a state court.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. United States v. Lopez
    2. Engel v. Vitale
    3. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    4. Mapp v. Ohio
    Show answer

    D. Mapp v. Ohio: Mapp v. Ohio (1961) applied the exclusionary rule to the states, so evidence from an illegal search cannot be used in state courts.

  2. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Mapp v. Ohio (1961)?

    1. The Court held that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' during wartime, such as urging resistance to the draft, is not protected.
    2. The Court held that requiring Amish children to attend school past the eighth grade violated their free exercise of religion.
    3. The Court held that states must provide an attorney to defendants charged with felonies who cannot afford one.
    4. The Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states, so evidence from an illegal search cannot be used in state courts.
    Show answer

    D. The Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states, so evidence from an illegal search cannot be used in state courts.: In Mapp v. Ohio, the Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states, so evidence from an illegal search cannot be used in state courts.

  3. Which U.S. Supreme Court case applied the exclusionary rule to the states, so evidence from an illegal search cannot be used in state courts?

    1. Brown v. Board of Education
    2. Mapp v. Ohio
    3. Roe v. Wade
    4. McCulloch v. Maryland
    Show answer

    B. Mapp v. Ohio: In Mapp v. Ohio (1961), the Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states, so evidence from an illegal search cannot be used in state courts.

  4. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It extended the exclusionary rule to the states, changing police search practices nationwide.
    1. Mapp v. Ohio
    2. Shaw v. Reno
    3. New York Times Co. v. United States
    4. Korematsu v. United States
    Show answer

    A. Mapp v. Ohio: Mapp v. Ohio (1961): It extended the exclusionary rule to the states, changing police search practices nationwide.

  5. Police searched Dollree Mapp's home without a valid warrant. What did the Supreme Court decide?

    1. The search was legal because she was a suspect.
    2. States may always use illegally obtained evidence.
    3. She had a right to an attorney during the search.
    4. Evidence obtained in an illegal search cannot be used in state criminal trials.
    Show answer

    D. Evidence obtained in an illegal search cannot be used in state criminal trials.: Mapp v. Ohio (1961) applied the exclusionary rule to the states.

  6. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Rights of the accused"?

    1. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012)
    2. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
    3. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
    4. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
    Show answer

    B. Mapp v. Ohio (1961): Mapp v. Ohio (1961) is a key case on rights of the accused.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) (8)

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  1. Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school?

    1. Roe v. Wade
    2. Tinker v. Des Moines
    3. Mapp v. Ohio
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    Show answer

    B. Tinker v. Des Moines: In Tinker v. Des Moines (1969), the Court ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school.

  2. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court opinion, to answer the question that follows.

    "It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate."

    Which Supreme Court case is the source of the passage?

    1. Tinker v. Des Moines
    2. Baker v. Carr
    3. Texas v. Johnson
    4. New York Times Co. v. United States
    Show answer

    A. Tinker v. Des Moines: This passage is from Tinker v. Des Moines (1969).

  3. What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?

    1. The Court held that speech creating a 'clear and present danger' during wartime, such as urging resistance to the draft, is not protected.
    2. The Court upheld the forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
    3. The Court required police to inform suspects in custody of their rights to remain silent and to an attorney before questioning.
    4. The Court ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school.
    Show answer

    D. The Court ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school.: In Tinker v. Des Moines, the Court ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school.

  4. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It affirmed that students keep free speech rights at school, subject to a substantial-disruption standard.
    1. Bush v. Gore
    2. Plessy v. Ferguson
    3. Tinker v. Des Moines
    4. Baker v. Carr
    Show answer

    C. Tinker v. Des Moines: Tinker v. Des Moines (1969): It affirmed that students keep free speech rights at school, subject to a substantial-disruption standard.

  5. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    Public school students are suspended for quietly wearing armbands to protest a war, causing no disruption.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. Tinker v. Des Moines
    2. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    3. Brown v. Board of Education
    4. Schenck v. United States
    Show answer

    A. Tinker v. Des Moines: Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) ruled that students may wear black armbands to protest a war because student speech is protected unless it substantially disrupts school.

  6. Which two cases both involved the rights of students in public schools?

    1. Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona
    2. Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland
    3. Tinker v. Des Moines and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
    4. Baker v. Carr and Shaw v. Reno
    Show answer

    C. Tinker v. Des Moines and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier: Tinker protected armbands; Hazelwood allowed censoring school papers.

  7. "It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate." This quote is from
    1. Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier.
    2. Engel v. Vitale.
    3. Wisconsin v. Yoder.
    4. Tinker v. Des Moines.
    Show answer

    D. Tinker v. Des Moines.: Schools may restrict speech only if it would substantially disrupt school activities.

  8. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Student speech"?

    1. Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)
    2. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
    3. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
    4. Bush v. Gore (2000)
    Show answer

    B. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969): Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) is a key case on student speech.

United States v. Lopez (1995) (6)

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  1. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.

    A student is charged under a federal law making it a crime to carry a gun near a school, and he argues Congress lacked authority to pass the law.

    Which Supreme Court case addressed a situation most like this one?

    1. United States v. Lopez
    2. McCulloch v. Maryland
    3. Schenck v. United States
    4. Roe v. Wade
    Show answer

    A. United States v. Lopez: United States v. Lopez (1995) struck down the Gun-Free School Zones Act because carrying a gun near a school is not economic activity Congress can regulate under the Commerce Clause.

  2. Which U.S. Supreme Court case struck down the Gun-Free School Zones Act because carrying a gun near a school is not economic activity Congress can regulate under the Commerce Clause?

    1. New York Times Co. v. United States
    2. United States v. Lopez
    3. Bush v. Gore
    4. Wisconsin v. Yoder
    Show answer

    B. United States v. Lopez: In United States v. Lopez (1995), the Court struck down the Gun-Free School Zones Act because carrying a gun near a school is not economic activity Congress can regulate under the Commerce Clause.

  3. Which Supreme Court case had the following impact on law and society?

    It was the first decision in decades to limit Congress's power under the Commerce Clause, strengthening federalism.
    1. Tinker v. Des Moines
    2. United States v. Lopez
    3. Bush v. Gore
    4. Roe v. Wade
    Show answer

    B. United States v. Lopez: United States v. Lopez (1995): It was the first decision in decades to limit Congress's power under the Commerce Clause, strengthening federalism.

  4. Alfonso Lopez was a high school student charged under which federal law?

    1. The Patriot Act
    2. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
    3. The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990
    4. The Espionage Act
    Show answer

    C. The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990: The Court held that carrying a gun near a school was not economic activity substantially affecting interstate commerce.

  5. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Federalism and the Commerce Clause"?

    1. United States v. Lopez (1995)
    2. Shelby County v. Holder (2013)
    3. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    4. Texas v. Johnson (1989)
    Show answer

    A. United States v. Lopez (1995): United States v. Lopez (1995) is a key case on federalism and the commerce clause.

  6. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided most recently?

    1. United States v. Lopez
    2. Baker v. Carr
    3. United States v. Nixon
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    Show answer

    A. United States v. Lopez: Baker v. Carr: 1962; United States v. Nixon: 1974; Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier: 1988; United States v. Lopez: 1995.

Shelby County v. Holder (2013) (3)

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  1. Shelby County v. Holder (2013) struck down which part of the Voting Rights Act?

    1. Section 2, which bans discriminatory voting practices nationwide
    2. The entire Voting Rights Act
    3. Section 4(b), the coverage formula used to decide which jurisdictions needed preclearance
    4. The ban on literacy tests
    Show answer

    C. Section 4(b), the coverage formula used to decide which jurisdictions needed preclearance: Without a coverage formula, Section 5 preclearance no longer applies to any jurisdiction.

  2. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Voting rights"?

    1. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
    2. Texas v. Johnson (1989)
    3. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    4. Shelby County v. Holder (2013)
    Show answer

    D. Shelby County v. Holder (2013): Shelby County v. Holder (2013) is a key case on voting rights.

  3. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided most recently?

    1. Shelby County v. Holder
    2. Miranda v. Arizona
    3. United States v. Nixon
    4. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
    Show answer

    A. Shelby County v. Holder: Miranda v. Arizona: 1966; United States v. Nixon: 1974; Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier: 1988; Shelby County v. Holder: 2013.

How the Supreme Court Decides Cases (8)

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  1. Under the "rule of four," the Supreme Court will hear a case if

    1. at least four justices vote to grant certiorari.
    2. four lower courts disagree.
    3. four states request it.
    4. the president and three senators ask.
    Show answer

    A. at least four justices vote to grant certiorari.: Most petitions are denied.

  2. Since what year has the Supreme Court had nine justices?

    1. 1869
    2. 1789
    3. 1937
    4. 1803
    Show answer

    A. 1869: The Judiciary Act of 1869 set the number at nine.

  3. A justice who agrees with the outcome of a case but for different reasons may write

    1. a dissenting opinion.
    2. a writ of certiorari.
    3. an amicus brief.
    4. a concurring opinion.
    Show answer

    D. a concurring opinion.: A dissent disagrees with the outcome. An amicus brief is filed by outside parties.

  4. What is a writ of certiorari?

    1. A law passed by Congress
    2. An order by the Supreme Court agreeing to review a lower court's decision
    3. An executive order
    4. A jury verdict
    Show answer

    B. An order by the Supreme Court agreeing to review a lower court's decision: The Court grants cert in only a small fraction of cases.

  5. The principle of stare decisis means courts generally

    1. follow precedent set by earlier decisions.
    2. ignore earlier decisions.
    3. let juries decide constitutional questions.
    4. must hear every appeal.
    Show answer

    A. follow precedent set by earlier decisions.: Precedent can be overruled, as Brown overruled Plessy.

  6. Which list places these cases in chronological order?

    1. Plessy v. Ferguson, Marbury v. Madison, Brown v. Board of Education, Dred Scott v. Sandford
    2. Marbury v. Madison, Dred Scott v. Sandford, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education
    3. Dred Scott v. Sandford, Brown v. Board of Education, Marbury v. Madison, Plessy v. Ferguson
    4. Brown v. Board of Education, Plessy v. Ferguson, Dred Scott v. Sandford, Marbury v. Madison
    Show answer

    B. Marbury v. Madison, Dred Scott v. Sandford, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education: 1803, 1857, 1896, 1954.

  7. Which list places these cases in chronological order?

    1. Miranda v. Arizona, United States v. Nixon, Gideon v. Wainwright, Tinker v. Des Moines
    2. Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona, Tinker v. Des Moines, United States v. Nixon
    3. Tinker v. Des Moines, Gideon v. Wainwright, United States v. Nixon, Miranda v. Arizona
    4. United States v. Nixon, Tinker v. Des Moines, Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright
    Show answer

    B. Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona, Tinker v. Des Moines, United States v. Nixon: 1963, 1966, 1969, 1974.

  8. Which list places these cases in chronological order?

    1. Citizens United v. FEC, Bush v. Gore, United States v. Lopez, District of Columbia v. Heller
    2. United States v. Lopez, Bush v. Gore, District of Columbia v. Heller, Citizens United v. FEC
    3. Bush v. Gore, District of Columbia v. Heller, United States v. Lopez, Citizens United v. FEC
    4. District of Columbia v. Heller, Citizens United v. FEC, Bush v. Gore, United States v. Lopez
    Show answer

    B. United States v. Lopez, Bush v. Gore, District of Columbia v. Heller, Citizens United v. FEC: 1995, 2000, 2008, 2010.

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) (1)

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  1. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Commerce Clause and civil rights"?

    1. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
    2. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
    3. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964)
    4. Bush v. Gore (2000)
    Show answer

    C. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964): Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) is a key case on commerce clause and civil rights.

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012) (2)

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  1. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Federal power"?

    1. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
    2. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
    3. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012)
    4. Baker v. Carr (1962)
    Show answer

    C. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012): National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012) is a key case on federal power.

  2. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided most recently?

    1. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
    2. Plessy v. Ferguson
    3. Roe v. Wade
    4. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    Show answer

    A. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius: Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896; Roe v. Wade: 1973; Regents of the University of California v. Bakke: 1978; National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius: 2012.

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) (2)

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  1. A teacher groups landmark cases by theme. Which case belongs under "Due process and equal protection"?

    1. United States v. Nixon (1974)
    2. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
    3. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
    4. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
    Show answer

    C. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015): Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) is a key case on due process and equal protection.

  2. Which of these Supreme Court cases was decided most recently?

    1. Obergefell v. Hodges
    2. Plessy v. Ferguson
    3. Shaw v. Reno
    4. Bush v. Gore
    Show answer

    A. Obergefell v. Hodges: Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896; Shaw v. Reno: 1993; Bush v. Gore: 2000; Obergefell v. Hodges: 2015.